Is it true that sugar causes hyperactivity in children?

The notion that sugar causes hyperactivity in children is a widespread belief, but it is not supported by scientific evidence. Despite being a common parental concern, numerous studies have failed to establish a causal link between sugar consumption and hyperactive behavior in children. The idea originated in the 1970s with Dr. Benjamin Feingold's theory that certain food additives triggered hyperactivity, although sugar was not part of his original diet. A major analysis published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1995 concluded that sugar in the diet did not affect children's behavior. Parents' expectations and perceptions play a significant role in the perceived link between sugar and hyperactivity. For instance, parents who believe their child has consumed sugar are more likely to rate them as hyperactive, even if the child received a sugar-free drink. Other factors contributing to this perception include the context in which sugary treats are often consumed, such as parties and events, and the presence of other substances like caffeine in sugary foods and beverages. While the general consensus is that sugar does not cause hyperactivity, some studies suggest that children with ADHD might be more sensitive to sugar, although findings are inconsistent. Additionally, artificial food colorings and additives have been debated as potential contributors to hyperactivity, distinct from the effects of sugar.